全文获取类型
收费全文 | 55680篇 |
免费 | 6817篇 |
国内免费 | 1982篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 61篇 |
儿科学 | 1146篇 |
妇产科学 | 445篇 |
基础医学 | 5453篇 |
口腔科学 | 71篇 |
临床医学 | 4852篇 |
内科学 | 8552篇 |
皮肤病学 | 146篇 |
神经病学 | 200篇 |
特种医学 | 2288篇 |
外国民族医学 | 105篇 |
外科学 | 4774篇 |
综合类 | 10744篇 |
现状与发展 | 12篇 |
预防医学 | 2002篇 |
眼科学 | 65篇 |
药学 | 4676篇 |
34篇 | |
中国医学 | 2480篇 |
肿瘤学 | 16373篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 81篇 |
2023年 | 1056篇 |
2022年 | 1516篇 |
2021年 | 2854篇 |
2020年 | 2646篇 |
2019年 | 2206篇 |
2018年 | 2019篇 |
2017年 | 2442篇 |
2016年 | 2757篇 |
2015年 | 2849篇 |
2014年 | 4081篇 |
2013年 | 3872篇 |
2012年 | 3529篇 |
2011年 | 3743篇 |
2010年 | 2925篇 |
2009年 | 2738篇 |
2008年 | 2690篇 |
2007年 | 2991篇 |
2006年 | 2622篇 |
2005年 | 2353篇 |
2004年 | 1862篇 |
2003年 | 1557篇 |
2002年 | 1283篇 |
2001年 | 1133篇 |
2000年 | 923篇 |
1999年 | 682篇 |
1998年 | 562篇 |
1997年 | 531篇 |
1996年 | 451篇 |
1995年 | 428篇 |
1994年 | 431篇 |
1993年 | 321篇 |
1992年 | 342篇 |
1991年 | 296篇 |
1990年 | 243篇 |
1989年 | 210篇 |
1988年 | 207篇 |
1987年 | 170篇 |
1986年 | 148篇 |
1985年 | 126篇 |
1984年 | 102篇 |
1983年 | 90篇 |
1982年 | 80篇 |
1981年 | 72篇 |
1980年 | 80篇 |
1979年 | 54篇 |
1978年 | 35篇 |
1977年 | 30篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 21篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Prevalence of HER2 Expression and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters in Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma in North-East Indian Population 下载免费PDF全文
Partha S RoyTomar NyoduMunlima HazarikaB J SaikiaC BhuyanAmit InamdarC W NyutheB BorthakurJ D Sharma 《Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention》2019,20(4):1139-1145
Objective: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (erbb2/HER2) overexpression, has now been implicatedin advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers. The study was conducted to determine the rate of HER2positivity in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma in North-EastIndia and to assess the impact of various demographic and clinical parameters on HER2 positivity. Methods: A total of68 patients of age >18 years of gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma diagnosed on histopathological examinationfrom September 2016 to February 2018 at Dr B Borooah Cancer Institute, Assam were enrolled for the observational(epidemiological) study. All patients were subjected to the HER2 immunohistochemistry test using a FDA-approved,standardized test kit. HER2 expression was correlated with various demographic and clinicopathological parameters.Results: The overall rate of HER2 positivity in the population studied was 56% (n=38). The rate was non-significantlyhigher in male, older age group (>60 years) and Hindu population. Similarly, HER2 positivity rate was higher in patientswith well differentiated histology and was more common in patients with stage II and III diseases, but neither of theassociations is statistically significant. HER2 positivity rate was significantly higher in proximal and in GEJ tumours(56% versus 44%, P=0.002). Conclusion: HER2 overexpression was evident in 56% of the North-East Indian patientswith locally advanced and metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. The overexpression correlatedsignificantly with primary tumour site. Routine testing of gastric and gastroesophageal tumours for HER2 expressionis recommended to provide a therapeutic advantage in Indian patients. 相似文献
63.
Miranda M. Fidler-Benaoudia Lindsey A. Torre Freddie Bray Jacques Ferlay Ahmedin Jemal 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,147(3):811-819
Previous studies have reported converging lung cancer rates between sexes. We examine lung cancer incidence rates in young women vs. young men in 40 countries across five continents. Lung and bronchial cancer cases by 5-year age group (ages 30–64) and 5-year calendar period (1993–2012) were extracted from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Female-to-male incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated by age group and birth cohort. Among men, age-specific lung cancer incidence rates generally decreased in all countries, while in women the rates varied across countries with the trends in most countries stable or declining, albeit at a slower pace compared to those in men. As a result, the female-to-male IRRs increased among recent birth cohorts, with IRRs significantly greater than unity in Canada, Denmark, Germany, New Zealand, the Netherlands and the United States. For example, the IRRs in ages 45–49 year in the Netherlands increased from 0.7 (95% CI: 0.6–0.8) to 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4–1.7) in those born circa 1948 and 1963, respectively. Similar patterns, though nonsignificant, were found in 23 additional countries. These crossovers were largely driven by increasing adenocarcinoma incidence rates in women. For those countries with historical smoking data, smoking prevalence in women approached, but rarely exceeded, those of men. In conclusion, the emerging higher lung cancer incidence rates in young women compared to young men is widespread and not fully explained by sex differences in smoking patterns. Future studies are needed to identify reasons for the elevated incidence of lung cancer among young women. 相似文献
64.
肺与膀胱相通,上为荣养周身以御邪,下以气化排浊调津液,从肺与膀胱关系可以看出,太阳之气与肺气共同卫外,以顾护肌表皮毛,故临床针刺治疗太阳体证时可考虑从肺经穴入手。临床取肺经穴位调治膀胱及其经脉病时,应辨别虚实,采取对应的补泻手法,考虑大部分肺经穴提插、捻转补泻手法不便施展,笔者认为可根据辨证采用更为合适的迎随补泻、徐疾补泻、开阖补泻,即观其脉证,补泻择之。其实不仅肺经穴可治膀胱病,膀胱经穴亦可治肺病,由于肺与膀胱两者经气互通,其中一条经上的穴位可治疗另一条相通经的循行部位或主治方向的疾病。虽然脏腑别通理论在针灸学上具备广泛应用的基础,但因表里经脏腑相互属络关系,更多被提及、应用的是"肺与大肠相关"。容易忽视"肺膀胱别通"在"卫气供给""津液代谢"上的关联。故在临床针刺治疗膀胱病时,可从有别于常规、传统的选经取穴上论治,亦可基于"肺与膀胱相关"以膀胱经穴治肺病,或以两经同取的方式指导针刺治疗相关病证。 相似文献
65.
66.
目的:观察肺癌患者放疗后一氧化氮分数(FeNO)的增加能否提示放射性肺损伤。方法:本研究中,我们评估了FeNO变化与放疗后呼吸症状、CT扫描改变和剂量体积直方图(DVH)参数之间的关系。测量65例肺癌患者放疗前及放疗后4、5、6、10周和4、7.5月的FeNO。结果:在放疗后,11名肺癌患者(17%)自述有明显的呼吸道症状,21名(32%)患者有超过1/3的被照射肺区表现出放射性肺炎样图像。13名患者(20%)的FeNO增加超过10 ppb。以FeNO增加超过10 ppb为标准诊断放疗相关呼吸症状的灵敏度和特异性分别为18%和83%。FeNO变化与放疗后DVH参数或CT扫描改变之间无显著相关性。3名患者(5%)在第4、5周持续表现出异常高水平的FeNO(2或3倍,高达55 ppb),随后出现了显著的呼吸症状和/或放射性肺炎图像。结论:放疗期间的连续FeNO监测预测肺癌患者放射性肺炎症状或图像的能力较差。然而,三名患者表现出的特定模式值得研究。 相似文献
67.
背景与目的:单羧酸转运蛋白1(monocarboxylate transporter 1,MCT1)是细胞转运乳酸、丙酮酸等代谢产物及能量物质的一种重要蛋白质,其在胰腺导管癌中的作用及机制鲜有研究报道。该研究旨在探讨MCT1在胰腺导管癌中的表达及临床病理学意义。方法:纳入78例胰腺导管癌患者的癌组织及癌旁正常组织,运用免疫组织化学技术检测MCT1在癌组织和癌旁正常组织中的表达水平并分析其临床病理学意义。在体外细胞系水平上,我们运用胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1和Capan-1,运用细胞克隆形成实验、细胞划痕和Transwell实验分析沉默MCT1后胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和浸润的改变。为明确MCT1的相关作用机制,我们通过生物信息学分析,预测miR-124-3p是MCT1的潜在调控微小RNA;为了进一步验证,我们运用双荧光素酶报告实验分析miR-124-3p对MCT1的调控效果;运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)分别检测51对新鲜胰腺癌组织中MCT1和miR-124-3p的基因表达并分析两者的相关性。结果:MCT1的阳性表达主要位于细胞膜和细胞质。相比癌旁正常组织,MCT1在胰腺导管癌组织中显著高表达,其表达水平与胰腺导管癌的分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移和不良预后具有显著相关性。在体外细胞系水平上,沉默MCT1能够显著抑制胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1和Capan-1的增殖、迁移和浸润;miR-124-3p在胰腺癌组织中显著低表达,并且与MCT1 mRNA的表达具有显著负相关性,能够负调控MCT1的蛋白表达。结论:MCT1是胰腺导管腺癌的致癌基因,miR-124-3p能够负调控MCT1的表达。 相似文献
68.
Hui Yu Zhengming Chen Karla V. Ballman Mark A. Watson Ramaswamy Govindan Irena Lanc David G. Beer Raphael Bueno Lucian R. Chirieac Michael Herman Chui Guoan Chen Wilbur A. Franklin David R. Gandara Carlo Genova Kristine A. Brovsky Mary-Beth M. Joshi Daniel T. Merrick William G. Richards Fred R. Hirsch 《Journal of thoracic oncology》2019,14(1):25-36
Objectives
Anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy has demonstrated success in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Recently, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade also has demonstrated interesting results in small trials of neoadjuvant treatment in stage IB to IIIA NSCLC. In addition, several clinical trials using anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment in patients with resectable stage NSCLC are ongoing. However, few analyses of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy–related biomarkers in early-stage squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) have been reported. In this study, we evaluated PD-L1 protein expression, tumor mutation burden, and expression of an immune gene signature in early-stage SqCLC, providing data for identifying the potential role for patients with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment in early-stage SqCLC.Methods
A total of 255 specimens from patients with early-stage SqCLC were identified within participating centers of the Strategic Partnering to Evaluate Cancer Signatures program. PD-L1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry was evaluated by using the Dako PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx kit on the Dako Link 48 auto-stainer (Dako, Carpinteria, CA). Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was calculated on the basis of data from targeted genome sequencing. The T-effector and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) gene signature was determined from Affymetrix gene chip data (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) from frozen specimens.Results
The prevalence of PD-L1 expression was 9.8% at a tumor proportion score cutoff of at least 50%. PD-L1 mRNA and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 mRNA positively correlated with PD-L1 protein expression on tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 protein expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells was correlated with the T-effector and IFN-γ gene signature (p < 0.001), but not with TMB. For TCs, all of these biomarkers were independent of each other and neither PD-L1 protein expression, TMB, or T-effector and IFN-γ gene signatures were independently prognostic for patient outcomes.Conclusions
Evaluation of PD-L1 expression, TMB, and T-effector and IFN-γ gene signatures in the cohort with early-stage SqCLC found them to be independent of each other, and none was associated with overall survival. Our results also support the hypothesis that PD-L1 expression is regulated by an intrinsic mechanism on TCs and an adaptive mechanism on immune cells. 相似文献69.
Chien-Hua Tseng Ben-Jei Tsuang Chun-Ju Chiang Kai-Chen Ku Jeng-Sen Tseng Tsung-Ying Yang Kuo-Hsuan Hsu Kun-Chieh Chen Sung-Liang Yu Wen-Chung Lee Tsang-Wu Liu Chang-Chuan Chan Gee-Chen Chang 《Journal of thoracic oncology》2019,14(5):784-792
Introduction
For never-smokers (smoked <100 lifetime cigarettes), lung cancer (LC) has emerged as an important issue. We aimed to investigate the effects of prevalence changes in tobacco smoking and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 (PM2.5) levels on LC in Taiwan, in relation to contrasting PM2.5 levels, between Northern Taiwan (NT) and Southern Taiwan (ST).Methods
We reviewed 371,084 patients with LC to assess smoking prevalence and correlations between the incidence of adenocarcinoma lung cancer (AdLC) and non-AdLC. Two subsets were selected to assess different AdLC stage trends and the effect of PM2.5 on survival of patients with AdLC.Results
From 1995 to 2015, the proportion of male adult ever-smokers decreased from 59.4% to 29.9% whereas the female smoking rate remained low (3.2% to 5.3%). AdLC incidence in males and females increased from 9.06 to 23.25 and 7.05 to 24.22 per 100,000 population, respectively. Since 1993, atmospheric visibility in NT improved (from 7.6 to 11.5 km), but deteriorated in ST (from 16.3 to 4.2 km). The annual percent change in AdLC stages IB to IV was 0.3% since 2009 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.9%–2.6%) in NT, and 4.6% since 2007 (95% CI: 3.3%–5.8%) in ST; 53% patients with LC had never smoked. Five-year survival rates for never-smokers, those with EGFR wild-type genes, and female patients with AdLC were 12.6% in NT and 4.5% in ST (hazard ratio: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.90).Conclusions
In Taiwan, greater than 50% of patients with LC had never smoked. PM2.5 level changes can affect AdLC incidence and patient survival. 相似文献70.
《中国现代医生》2020,58(32):187-192
分子靶向治疗是在驱动基因指导下的治疗,开启了非小细胞肺癌“个体化”与“精准”治疗时代。非小细胞肺癌驱动基因包括表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、间变淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)和原癌基因-1(Ros-1)等。EGFR 突变是非小细胞肺癌最常见的靶点,表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)是治疗EGFR 突变晚期非小细胞肺癌的最有效药物,已广泛用于临床治疗,但后期耐药问题不可避免。近年来,为优化TKI 治疗,EGFR-TKI 联合治疗应运而生,不断探索有效的EGFR-TKI 联合治疗的方案。如EGFR-TKI 联合抗血管生成药物、化疗和免疫治疗等。本文就一线EGFR-TKI 药物及EGFR-TKI 联合治疗在一线探索的有关临床研究进展进行综述。 相似文献